Web-Projekt erfolgreich planen: Von der Idee zum Launch

## Vision
Eine moderne E-Commerce-Plattform, die es Kunden ermöglicht,
nachhaltige Mode einfach und schnell zu kaufen.
 
## Ziele
1. 10.000 monatliche Besucher nach 6 Monaten
2. Conversion Rate > 3%
3. Average Order Value > 80€
4. Customer Satisfaction Score > 4.5/5
 
## Zielgruppe
- Alter: 25-45
- Interesse: Nachhaltige Mode
- Tech-Affinität: Hoch
- Budget: Mittel-Premium

### Must-Have (MVP)
- [ ] Produkt-Katalog mit Filter/Suche
- [ ] Warenkorb & Checkout
- [ ] Zahlung (Stripe/PayPal)
- [ ] User-Accounts
- [ ] Order-Tracking
- [ ] Admin-Dashboard
 
### Should-Have (v1.1)
- [ ] Wishlist
- [ ] Product Reviews
- [ ] Newsletter
- [ ] Blog
- [ ] Live Chat
 
### Nice-to-Have (v2.0)
- [ ] AR Try-On
- [ ] Personal Stylist AI
- [ ] Social Shopping
- [ ] Loyalty Program

### Performance
- Load Time < 2s (Mobile)
- Lighthouse Score > 90
- 99.9% Uptime
 
### Security
- SSL/HTTPS
- GDPR-compliant
- PCI-DSS (für Payments)
- Data Encryption
 
### Scalability
- 10.000 concurrent users
- 100.000 products
- Multi-language support ready

Als [Rolle]
möchte ich [Funktion]
damit [Nutzen]
 
Beispiele:
 
Als Kunde
möchte ich Produkte nach Preis filtern
damit ich schnell Angebote in meiner Preisklasse finde.
 
Als Admin
möchte ich Bestellungen exportieren können
damit ich Buchhaltung vereinfachen kann.

### Entwicklung
- Frontend: 15.000€ - 30.000€
- Backend/API: 10.000€ - 25.000€
- Design (UI/UX): 5.000€ - 15.000€
- Testing & QA: 3.000€ - 8.000€
 
Total Development: 33.000€ - 78.000€
 
### Infrastruktur (Jahr 1)
- Hosting: 1.200€ - 6.000€
- Domain & SSL: 50€ - 200€
- CDN: 500€ - 2.000€
- Backup: 200€ - 500€
- Monitoring: 300€ - 1.000€
 
Total Infrastructure: 2.250€ - 9.700€
 
### Third-Party Services (Jahr 1)
- Payment Gateway: 0€ + % Gebühren
- Email Service: 200€ - 1.000€
- Analytics: 0€ - 2.000€
- CRM/Marketing: 1.000€ - 5.000€
 
Total Services: 1.200€ - 8.000€
 
### Sonstiges
- Lizenzen: 500€ - 2.000€
- Content Creation: 2.000€ - 10.000€
- Marketing Launch: 5.000€ - 20.000€
 
Total Misc: 7.500€ - 32.000€
 
## GESAMT (Jahr 1): 44.000€ - 127.000€

## Beispiel E-Commerce
 
Annahmen:
- Traffic: 10.000 Besucher/Monat
- Conversion Rate: 2%
- Average Order Value: 80€
- Marge: 30%
 
Monatlicher Umsatz: 10.000 × 2% × 80€ = 16.000€
Monatlicher Gewinn: 16.000€ × 30% = 4.800€
Jährlicher Gewinn: 57.600€
 
Investment: 50.000€
Break-Even: ~10 Monate
ROI (Jahr 1): +15%
ROI (Jahr 2): +115%

### Frontend
- Framework: Next.js 15
- Language: TypeScript
- Styling: Tailwind CSS
- UI Components: shadcn/ui
- State: Zustand / React Query
 
### Backend
- API: Next.js API Routes / tRPC
- Database: PostgreSQL (Supabase)
- ORM: Prisma
- Auth: NextAuth.js / Supabase Auth
- File Storage: Supabase Storage
 
### Infrastructure
- Hosting: Hetzner VPS mit Docker
- Database: Supabase
- CDN: CloudFlare
- Monitoring: Umami Analytics (selbstgehostet) + Sentry
 
### Third-Party
- Payments: Stripe
- Email: Resend / SendGrid
- Search: Algolia
- Analytics: Umami (selbstgehostet)

✅ Modern & Aktiv maintained
✅ Gute Developer Experience
✅ Scalable
✅ Gute Documentation
✅ Hiring-Pool verfügbar
✅ Community Support
✅ Cost-Effective

## System Architecture
 
┌─────────────┐
│   Client    │ (Next.js)
└──────┬──────┘
       │
       ├──→ CloudFlare CDN
       │
       ├──→ Next.js API Routes
       │    ├── tRPC
       │    └── REST
       │
       ├──→ Supabase
       │    ├── PostgreSQL
       │    ├── Auth
       │    └── Storage
       │
       └──→ Third-Party
            ├── Stripe (Payment)
            ├── Resend (Email)
            └── Algolia (Search)

## Project Timeline (12 Wochen)
 
### Phase 1: Discovery & Design (2 Wochen)
Week 1-2:
- [x] Requirements Workshop
- [x] Wireframes
- [x] Design System
- [x] High-Fidelity Designs
- [x] Design Approval
 
### Phase 2: MVP Development (6 Wochen)
Week 3-4: Foundation
- [ ] Project Setup
- [ ] Authentication
- [ ] Database Schema
- [ ] Basic UI Components
 
Week 5-6: Core Features
- [ ] Product Catalog
- [ ] Cart & Checkout
- [ ] Payment Integration
- [ ] User Dashboard
 
Week 7-8: Polish & Testing
- [ ] Admin Dashboard
- [ ] Email Notifications
- [ ] Testing & Bug Fixes
- [ ] Performance Optimization
 
### Phase 3: QA & Launch (3 Wochen)
Week 9-10: Quality Assurance
- [ ] Comprehensive Testing
- [ ] Security Audit
- [ ] Performance Tuning
- [ ] Content Population
 
Week 11: Pre-Launch
- [ ] Staging Deployment
- [ ] User Acceptance Testing
- [ ] Final Adjustments
- [ ] Launch Preparation
 
Week 12: Launch
- [ ] Production Deployment
- [ ] Monitoring Setup
- [ ] Post-Launch Support
- [ ] Retrospective
 
### Phase 4: Post-Launch (Ongoing)
- [ ] Bug Fixes & Support
- [ ] Performance Monitoring
- [ ] User Feedback Collection
- [ ] Feature Iteration

## Sprint Structure (2 Wochen)
 
### Sprint Planning (Mo)
- Review Backlog
- Sprint Goal definieren
- Tasks schätzen & assignen
- Capacity planning
 
### Daily Standup (täglich)
- Was gestern gemacht?
- Was heute geplant?
- Blockers?
 
### Sprint Review (Fr Woche 2)
- Demo fertiger Features
- Stakeholder Feedback
- Acceptance Criteria prüfen
 
### Sprint Retrospective (Fr Woche 2)
- Was lief gut?
- Was verbessern?
- Action Items

## Typisches Web-Projekt Team
 
### Core Team
- 1× Project Manager (20-40h/Woche)
- 1× UI/UX Designer (40h - 2 Wochen, dann 10h)
- 2× Frontend Developer (40h/Woche)
- 1× Backend Developer (40h/Woche)
- 1× QA Engineer (20h/Woche ab Woche 5)
 
### Extended Team
- 1× DevOps (10h/Woche bei Bedarf)
- 1× Content Creator (extern)
- 1× SEO Specialist (Beratung)
 
Total: 3-5 Vollzeit-Äquivalente

## RACI Matrix
 
Legend:
R = Responsible (Führt aus)
A = Accountable (Verantwortlich)
C = Consulted (Wird konsultiert)
I = Informed (Wird informiert)
 
Task                    | PM | Designer | Dev | QA | Client
------------------------|----|----- ----|-----|----|---------
Requirements            | A  | C        | C   | I  | R
Design                  | C  | R/A      | C   | I  | A
Development             | C  | I        | R/A | C  | I
Testing                 | C  | I        | C   | R/A| I
Deployment              | A  | I        | R   | C  | I

## Risk Register
 
### Hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit, Hoher Impact
1. **Scope Creep**
   - Mitigation: Klare Requirements, Change Request Process
   - Owner: PM
 
2. **Key Person Risk**
   - Mitigation: Knowledge Sharing, Pair Programming
   - Owner: Tech Lead
 
### Mittlere Wahrscheinlichkeit, Hoher Impact
3. **Third-Party Integration Failures**
   - Mitigation: Early Integration, Fallbacks
   - Owner: Backend Dev
 
4. **Performance Issues**
   - Mitigation: Early Load Testing, Monitoring
   - Owner: Frontend Lead
 
### Niedrige Wahrscheinlichkeit, Hoher Impact
5. **Security Breach**
   - Mitigation: Security Audit, Best Practices
   - Owner: Tech Lead
 
6. **Vendor Lock-In**
   - Mitigation: Abstraction Layers, Exit Strategy
   - Owner: Architect

## Technical Checklist
- [ ] All tests passing (Unit, Integration, E2E)
- [ ] Lighthouse Score > 90
- [ ] Security Audit passed
- [ ] SSL Certificate active
- [ ] Backups configured
- [ ] Monitoring & Alerting active
- [ ] CDN configured
- [ ] Database optimized
- [ ] Error logging active (Sentry)
- [ ] Analytics installed
 
## Content Checklist
- [ ] All pages have content
- [ ] Images optimized
- [ ] SEO Meta Tags complete
- [ ] Legal Pages (Impressum, Datenschutz)
- [ ] 404 Page designed
- [ ] Email Templates tested
 
## Business Checklist
- [ ] Payment Gateway tested
- [ ] Customer Support ready
- [ ] Return Policy defined
- [ ] Shipping configured
- [ ] Tax settings correct
- [ ] GDPR Compliance verified

## Launch Day Schedule
 
### 09:00 - Final Checks
- Smoke Tests
- Payment Test
- Email Test
 
### 10:00 - Deployment
- Deploy to Production
- DNS Switch
- Verify all systems
 
### 11:00 - Soft Launch
- Internal announcement
- Friends & Family testing
 
### 14:00 - Public Launch
- Social Media announcement
- Press Release
- Marketing Campaign start
 
### 15:00 - 18:00 - Monitoring
- Real-time monitoring
- Bug triage
- Quick fixes if needed
 
### 18:00 - Retrospective
- What went well?
- Issues encountered?
- Lessons learned